挪威将禁止在校内穿戴覆盖脸部服饰 或为北欧首例

百度 中共中央、国务院有关部门负责人列席闭幕会。

In security protocols, a challenge is some data sent to the client by the server in order to generate a different response each time. Challenge-response protocols are one way to fight against replay attacks where an attacker listens to the previous messages and resends them at a later time to get the same credentials as the original message.

The HTTP authentication protocol is challenge-response based, though the "Basic" protocol isn't using a real challenge (the realm is always the same).